{
  "summary": "HS chapter 28 covers inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes. It has 50 headings, 28.01 to 28.53, and 180 six-digit subheadings in HS2022. Chapter 27, before it, covers mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes; chapter 29, after it, covers organic chemicals.",
  "updatedAt": "2026-10-13",
  "facts": [
    {
      "label": "Chapter",
      "value": "28",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #1"
    },
    {
      "label": "Description",
      "value": "Inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #1"
    },
    {
      "label": "Headings",
      "value": "50",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #1"
    },
    {
      "label": "Subheadings",
      "value": "180",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #1"
    },
    {
      "label": "Edition",
      "value": "HS2022",
      "source": "border.bot release GLOBAL:hs #1"
    }
  ],
  "faq": [
    {
      "question": "What does HS chapter 28 cover?",
      "answer": "HS chapter 28 covers inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes."
    },
    {
      "question": "How many headings and subheadings are in HS chapter 28?",
      "answer": "HS chapter 28 has 50 headings and 180 six-digit subheadings in HS2022."
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "covers",
      "title": "What this chapter covers",
      "text": [
        "HS chapter 28 covers inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes.",
        "It has 50 headings, 28.01 to 28.53, and 180 six-digit subheadings in HS2022."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "not-covered",
      "title": "What it doesn’t cover",
      "text": [
        "Chapter 27, before it, covers mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes; chapter 29, after it, covers organic chemicals."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "structure",
      "title": "How it is structured",
      "text": [
        "Chapter 28 is the first level of the Harmonized System. Its headings add two digits to the chapter number (28.01), and each heading's subheadings add two more."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "other-countries",
      "title": "In other countries",
      "text": [
        "No national tariff lines in chapter 28 are live on border.bot yet. Tariffs built on the Harmonized System use these headings and subheadings and add their own digits after the first six."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sources",
      "title": "Sources and updates",
      "text": [
        "The Harmonized System legal text comes from border.bot release 1 (edition HS 2022), imported from a file, and has been live since 13 October 2026.",
        "This page was last updated on 13 October 2026.",
        "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "data": {
    "type": "hs-chapter",
    "edition": "HS2022",
    "chapter": {
      "code": "28",
      "description": "Inorganic chemicals; organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, of rare-earth metals, of radioactive elements or of isotopes"
    },
    "headings": [
      {
        "code": "2832",
        "description": "Sulphites; thiosulphates",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "283210",
            "description": "Sodium sulphites"
          },
          {
            "code": "283220",
            "description": "Other sulphites"
          },
          {
            "code": "283230",
            "description": "Thiosulphates"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2833",
        "description": "Sulphates; alums; peroxosulphates (persulphates)",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "283311",
            "description": "Sodium sulphates: Disodium sulphate"
          },
          {
            "code": "283319",
            "description": "Sodium sulphates: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "283321",
            "description": "Other sulphates: Of magnesium"
          },
          {
            "code": "283322",
            "description": "Other sulphates: Of aluminium"
          },
          {
            "code": "283324",
            "description": "Other sulphates: Of nickel"
          },
          {
            "code": "283325",
            "description": "Other sulphates: Of copper"
          },
          {
            "code": "283327",
            "description": "Other sulphates: Of barium"
          },
          {
            "code": "283329",
            "description": "Other sulphates: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "283330",
            "description": "Alums"
          },
          {
            "code": "283340",
            "description": "Peroxosulphates (persulphates)"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2834",
        "description": "Nitrites; nitrates",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "283410",
            "description": "Nitrites"
          },
          {
            "code": "283421",
            "description": "Nitrates: Of potassium"
          },
          {
            "code": "283429",
            "description": "Nitrates: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2835",
        "description": "Phosphinates (hypophosphites), phosphonates (phosphites) and phosphates; polyphosphates, whether or not chemically defined",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "283510",
            "description": "Phosphinates (hypophosphites) and phosphonates (phosphites)"
          },
          {
            "code": "283522",
            "description": "Phosphates: Of mono- or disodium"
          },
          {
            "code": "283524",
            "description": "Phosphates: Of potassium"
          },
          {
            "code": "283525",
            "description": "Phosphates: Calcium hydrogenorthophosphate (“dicalcium phosphate”)"
          },
          {
            "code": "283526",
            "description": "Phosphates: Other phosphates of calcium"
          },
          {
            "code": "283529",
            "description": "Phosphates: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "283531",
            "description": "Polyphosphates: Sodium triphosphate (sodium tripolyphosphate)"
          },
          {
            "code": "283539",
            "description": "Polyphosphates: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2836",
        "description": "Carbonates; peroxocarbonates (percarbonates); commercial ammonium carbonate containing ammonium carbamate",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "283620",
            "description": "Disodium carbonate"
          },
          {
            "code": "283630",
            "description": "Sodium hydrogencarbonate (sodium bicarbonate)"
          },
          {
            "code": "283640",
            "description": "Potassium carbonates"
          },
          {
            "code": "283650",
            "description": "Calcium carbonate"
          },
          {
            "code": "283660",
            "description": "Barium carbonate"
          },
          {
            "code": "283691",
            "description": "Other: Lithium carbonates"
          },
          {
            "code": "283692",
            "description": "Other: Strontium carbonate"
          },
          {
            "code": "283699",
            "description": "Other: Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2837",
        "description": "Cyanides, cyanide oxides and complex cyanides",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "283711",
            "description": "Cyanides and cyanide oxides: Of sodium"
          },
          {
            "code": "283719",
            "description": "Cyanides and cyanide oxides: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "283720",
            "description": "Complex cyanides"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2839",
        "description": "Silicates; commercial alkali metal silicates",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "283911",
            "description": "Of sodium: Sodium metasilicates"
          },
          {
            "code": "283919",
            "description": "Of sodium: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "283990",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2840",
        "description": "Borates; peroxoborates (perborates)",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "284011",
            "description": "Disodium tetraborate (refined borax): Anhydrous"
          },
          {
            "code": "284019",
            "description": "Disodium tetraborate (refined borax): Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "284020",
            "description": "Other borates"
          },
          {
            "code": "284030",
            "description": "Peroxoborates (perborates)"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2841",
        "description": "Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "284130",
            "description": "Sodium dichromate"
          },
          {
            "code": "284150",
            "description": "Other chromates and dichromates; peroxochromates"
          },
          {
            "code": "284161",
            "description": "Manganites, manganates and permanganates: Potassium permanganate"
          },
          {
            "code": "284169",
            "description": "Manganites, manganates and permanganates: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "284170",
            "description": "Molybdates"
          },
          {
            "code": "284180",
            "description": "Tungstates (wolframates)"
          },
          {
            "code": "284190",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2842",
        "description": "Other salts of inorganic acids or peroxoacids (including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined), other than azides",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "284210",
            "description": "Double or complex silicates, including aluminosilicates whether or not chemically defined"
          },
          {
            "code": "284290",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2843",
        "description": "Colloidal precious metals; inorganic or organic compounds of precious metals, whether or not chemically defined; amalgams of precious metals",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "284310",
            "description": "Colloidal precious metals"
          },
          {
            "code": "284321",
            "description": "Silver compounds: Silver nitrate"
          },
          {
            "code": "284329",
            "description": "Silver compounds: Other"
          },
          {
            "code": "284330",
            "description": "Gold compounds"
          },
          {
            "code": "284390",
            "description": "Other compounds; amalgams"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2844",
        "description": "Radioactive chemical elements and radioactive isotopes (including the fissile or fertile chemical elements and isotopes) and their compounds; mixtures and residues containing these products",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "284410",
            "description": "Natural uranium and its compounds; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing natural uranium or natural uranium compounds"
          },
          {
            "code": "284420",
            "description": "Uranium enriched in U 235 and its compounds; plutonium and its compounds; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing uranium enriched in U 235, plutonium or compounds of these products"
          },
          {
            "code": "284430",
            "description": "Uranium depleted in U 235 and its compounds; thorium and its compounds; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing uranium depleted in U 235, thorium or compounds of these products"
          },
          {
            "code": "284441",
            "description": "Radioactive elements and isotopes and compounds other than those of subheading 2844 10, 2844 20 or 2844 30; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements, isotopes or compounds; radioactive residues: Tritium and its compounds; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing tritium or its compounds"
          },
          {
            "code": "284442",
            "description": "Radioactive elements and isotopes and compounds other than those of subheading 2844 10, 2844 20 or 2844 30; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements, isotopes or compounds; radioactive residues: Actinium-225, actinium-227, californium-253, curium-240, curium-241, curium-242, curium-243, curium-244, einsteinium-253, einsteinium-254, gadolinium-148, polonium-208, polonium-209, polonium-210, radium-223, uranium-230 or uranium-232, and their compounds; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements or compounds"
          },
          {
            "code": "284443",
            "description": "Radioactive elements and isotopes and compounds other than those of subheading 2844 10, 2844 20 or 2844 30; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements, isotopes or compounds; radioactive residues: Other radioactive elements and isotopes and compounds; other alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements, isotopes or compounds"
          },
          {
            "code": "284444",
            "description": "Radioactive elements and isotopes and compounds other than those of subheading 2844 10, 2844 20 or 2844 30; alloys, dispersions (including cermets), ceramic products and mixtures containing these elements, isotopes or compounds; radioactive residues: Radioactive residues"
          },
          {
            "code": "284450",
            "description": "Spent (irradiated) fuel elements (cartridges) of nuclear reactors"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2845",
        "description": "Isotopes other than those of heading 28.44; compounds, inorganic or organic, of such isotopes, whether or not chemically defined",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "284510",
            "description": "Heavy water (deuterium oxide)"
          },
          {
            "code": "284520",
            "description": "Boron enriched in boron-10 and its compounds"
          },
          {
            "code": "284530",
            "description": "Lithium enriched in lithium-6 and its compounds"
          },
          {
            "code": "284540",
            "description": "Helium-3"
          },
          {
            "code": "284590",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2846",
        "description": "Compounds, inorganic or organic, of rare-earth metals, of yttrium or of scandium or of mixtures of these metals",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "284610",
            "description": "Cerium compounds"
          },
          {
            "code": "284690",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2847",
        "description": "Hydrogen peroxide, whether or not solidified with urea",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "284700",
            "description": "Hydrogen peroxide, whether or not solidified with urea"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2849",
        "description": "Carbides, whether or not chemically defined",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "284910",
            "description": "Of calcium"
          },
          {
            "code": "284920",
            "description": "Of silicon"
          },
          {
            "code": "284990",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2850",
        "description": "Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined, other than compounds which are also carbides of heading 28.49",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "285000",
            "description": "Hydrides, nitrides, azides, silicides and borides, whether or not chemically defined, other than compounds which are also carbides of heading 28.49"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2852",
        "description": "Inorganic or organic compounds of mercury, whether or not chemically defined, excluding amalgams",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "285210",
            "description": "Chemically defined"
          },
          {
            "code": "285290",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "code": "2853",
        "description": "Phosphides, whether or not chemically defined, excluding ferrophosphorus; other inorganic compounds (including distilled or conductivity water and water of similar purity); liquid air (whether or not rare gases have been removed); compressed air; amalgams, other than amalgams of precious metals",
        "subheadings": [
          {
            "code": "285310",
            "description": "Cyanogen chloride (chlorcyan)"
          },
          {
            "code": "285390",
            "description": "Other"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "previous": {
      "code": "27",
      "description": "Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation; bituminous substances; mineral waxes",
      "indexable": true
    },
    "next": {
      "code": "29",
      "description": "Organic chemicals",
      "indexable": true
    },
    "schedules": [],
    "provenance": [
      {
        "dataset": "GLOBAL:hs",
        "country": "GLOBAL",
        "kind": "hs",
        "seq": 1,
        "version": "mytraddal hs2022.csv (HS 2022)",
        "liveAt": "2026-10-13T08:43:06.218Z",
        "origin": "upload",
        "sourceUrls": []
      }
    ],
    "dateModified": "2026-10-13T08:43:06.218Z",
    "seo": {
      "canonicalPath": "/hs-codes/28",
      "robots": "index",
      "sitemap": true,
      "reasons": [
        "50 headings"
      ]
    }
  },
  "pagination": {
    "page": 2,
    "pages": 2,
    "size": 100,
    "total": 180,
    "prev": "https://staging.border.bot/hs-codes/28",
    "next": null
  },
  "previous": "https://staging.border.bot/hs-codes/27",
  "next": "https://staging.border.bot/hs-codes/29",
  "links": {
    "self": "https://staging.border.bot/hs-codes/28.json?page=2",
    "html": "https://staging.border.bot/hs-codes/28?page=2",
    "canonical": "https://staging.border.bot/hs-codes/28?page=2",
    "markdown": "https://staging.border.bot/hs-codes/28.md?page=2",
    "tools": {
      "calculator": "https://staging.border.bot/tools/landed-cost-calculator",
      "classifier": "https://staging.border.bot/tools/hs-code-classifier",
      "api": "https://staging-api.border.bot/v1"
    }
  },
  "code": "28",
  "attribution": "border.bot tariff reference (border.bot), compiled from the official publishers named on each page.",
  "terms": "https://staging.border.bot/legal/terms",
  "notice": "Guidance from published tariff data, not a binding ruling. For a decision customs must follow, apply to the destination’s customs authority for a binding tariff ruling.",
  "catalogVersion": "6a955485"
}